![]() ![]() Many researchers have used a xenon flash lamp with wide-range wavelengths for photo-sintering and investigated the effects of flashing frequency and light intensity on the properties of materials. Photo-sintering has very strong merit in that the process is very easy and is carried out at room temperature under air atmosphere conditions. The key principle is the selective heating of a thin film composed of metal nanoparticles with strong absorption property, which is an essential parameter needed to increase the energy transfer from light, while the temperature of transparent substrate does not rise up by an intense pulsed light (IPL) source. Recently, photo-sintering technology has been applied to a variety of nanoparticles and nanowires for low-temperature processing. Among these post-annealing processes, photo-sintering has been the center of attention as a new method process without significantly heating the substrate. Therefore, various techniques have been used to sinter silver nanoparticles, including chemical self-sintering, electrical, infrared, laser, microwave, plasma, and photo sintering methods. In general, traditional thermal processes are very difficult to apply to flexible polymer substrates since high temperature would destroy the substrate and inert gas for good electrical properties. In particular, the metallic particles can be shown to have stronger absorption than the light incident at ultraviolet frequencies. Generally, since the metal nanoparticles inks could be polarized by electromagnetic wave propagating along metal-solvent dielectric boundary, these particles have plasmon resonance peaks depending on particle size and shape, dielectric constant of external solvent and these particles, and substrate optical properties. ![]() For example, the metal nanoparticles with high surface to mass ratio have high absorption and low melting point compared to the bulk metal. Ĭonductive inks based on highly concentrated metal nanoparticles have special physical properties different from the bulk metal. Recently, thanks to the developments, printed electronics have applied to radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, display, and various types of sensors. These developments are expected to offer many advantages such as flexibility, low cost, and simple process compared with to existing processes in industry. In particular, a new frontier of printed electronics is to print flexible and stretchable electronic devices for wearable electronics. cm (just about three times compared to value of bulk silver) was achieved at optimized photo-sintering conditions (wavelength of 365 nm and light intensity of 300 mW/cm 2).įor decades, printed electronics technology has been developed with materials like metal nanoparticles ink, non-contact technology like drop-on-demand inkjet technology for printing materials on any substrate, and post-treatment process in order to obtain good properties from materials.The electrical resistivity as low as 5.44 × 10 −6 Ω The silver nanoparticles ink was inkjet-printed on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and photo-sintered by the UV-LED module with the wavelength of 365 and 385 nm. A LED light source has many merits such as low power consumption and potential large-scale application. In this work, we developed a new photo-sintering system using a high-power ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) module. However, the xenon flash lamp requires instantaneous high power and is unsuitable for large area applications. ![]() Most research on photo-sintering has used a xenon flash lamp as a light source. The key principle of the photo-sintering process is the selective heating of a thin film with large light absorption coefficients, while a transparent substrate does not heat by the IPL source. In recent printed electronics technology, a photo-sintering technique using intense pulsed light (IPL) source has attracted attention, instead of conventional a thermal sintering process with long time and high temperature. ![]()
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